Are Dayak Moslem Women Dependant?: A Study of Dayak Moslem Women Work Ethics
Abstract
Previous studies that have been conducted in relation to women’s work ethics in traditional society seem to inadequately generalize the holistic women’s work ethics of tradional society in general. This article was intended to explain another reality found in Tangkahen Dayak moslem society, Indonesia, that is different from general views telling that women in traditional society are not financially productive, have economics dependency to men, and tend to be lazy. This current study was set as qualitative study by using phenomenological approach. The data were selected through observation, interviews, and documentary study. It was found from the result of study that double role that is played by the women of Tangkahen Dayak Moslem have no impact to their productivity and their household chores. In fact, income those women earned from their work can sustain the economic condition of Tangkahen Dayak Moslem families. Thus, it can be concluded that not all women in traditional society have low work ethics. At this stage, social values and norms that are embedded in a society have major influences on realization of women’s work ethics. The social values and norms embedded in Tangkahen Dayak Moslem were found to be a major factor that is able to support and improve women’s work ethics. Accordingly, the general negative stigma about women’s work ethics in traditional society can be proven wrong by the reality of women’s work ethics in Tangkahen Dayak Moslem society. In other words, negative views about women’s work ethics in traditional society only occured in certain communities and can not be used to generalize all women’s work ethics in general traditional society.Downloads
References
Abeysekera, L., & Gahan, P. (2019). Work–family conflict among Australian dual-earner couples: Testing the effects of role salience crossover and gender. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(10), 1549–1582. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1296015
Akbarnejad, M., & Chanzanagh, H. E. (2012). Protestant Work Ethic, Gender RoleAttitudes, Ethnicityand Class: Case of Iran. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2(3), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2012.V2.108
Attahiru, M. S., Al-Aidaros, A.-H. M. H., & Yusof, S. M. (2016). Relationship between Culture and Work Ethics: The Islamic Perspective. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(7S), 282–286.
Banks, S. (2016). Everyday ethics in professional life: Social work as ethics work. Ethics and Social Welfare, 10(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2015.1126623
Barnett, R. C. (2004). Women and Multiple Roles: Myths and Reality. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12(3), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220490472418
Behdad, S., & Nomani, F. (2012). Women’s Labour in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Losers and Survivors. Middle Eastern Studies, 48(5), 707–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2012.703615
Beneria, L., Berik, G., & Floro, M. (2016). Gender, Development and Globalization: Economics as if All People Mattered. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203107935
Bosch, A., Bruin, G. P. de, Kgaladi, B., & Bruin, K. de. (2012). Life role salience among black African dual-career couples in the South African context. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(14), 2835–2853. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.671506
Christie, P., & Gordon, A. (1992). Politics, Poverty and Education in Rural South Africa. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 13(4), 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569920130401
Coche, R., & Le Blond, O. (2018). Is the world ready for a woman coaching a top male athlete? Analysis of online reactions to Mauresmo’s appointment as Murray’s coach. Women’s Studies International Forum, 69, 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.04.003
Cox, S., Cox, T., & Steventon, J. (1984). Women at work: Summary and overview. Ergonomics, 27(5), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138408963527
Elveren, A. Y. (2014). Women’s labour force participation and pay inequality: Evidence from panel cointegration. Applied Economics Letters, 21(12), 862–865. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.894622
Elveren, A. Y., Marr, C., & Renard, Y. (2017). Feminization of labour and profit rates: Evidence from OECD countries. Applied Economics Letters, 24(7), 481–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1203057
Fakunmoju, S. B. (2018). Work ethic and life satisfaction among social workers in Massachusetts: The moderating effect of gender. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 42(4), 396–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2018.1464994
Ford, R. (2005). ‘I am not Satisfied’: Identity, Unionism and Rural Women’s Labour in 1912 Australia. History Australia, 2(1), 7-1-7–12. https://doi.org/10.2104/ha040007
Heintz, J., Kabeer, N., & Mahmud, S. (2018). Cultural norms, economic incentives and women’s labour market behaviour: Empirical insights from Bangladesh. Oxford Development Studies, 46(2), 266–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2017.1382464
Höpfl, H. (2007). A Catholic Work Ethic? Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 4(4), 398–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766080709518675
Husin, W. N. W., Saman, M. M., & Mujani, W. K. (2017). The Internalization of Islamic Work Ethics in Malaysian Armed Forces Organization. 189–191. https://doi.org/10.2991/iceemr-17.2017.48
İbrahimoğlu, N., Çiğdem, Ş., & Seyhan, M. (2014). Relationship between Culture & Ethic: A Research in Terms of Cultural Diversity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 1117–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.563
Ida, R. (2001). The Construction of Gender Identity in Indonesia: Between Cultural Norms, Economic Implications, and State Formation. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan, Dan Politik, 14(1), 21–34.
Kusumasari, B., & Umar, S. (2018). Women Workers Resistance Against Elite Class Hegemony in Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 9(1), 27–55.
Kwatra, S., Kaur, N., & Raghubansi, P. (2012). Psycho-physiological Problems among Dual Career Women: A Cause of Stress. Studies on Home and Community Science, 6(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2012.11885369
Laditka, S. B., Fischer, M., Laditka, J. N., & Segal, D. R. (2004). Attitudes About Aging and Gender Among Young, Middle Age, and Older College-Based Students. Educational Gerontology, 30(5), 403–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270490433602
Locker, B. Z. (2014). Multiple Role Women. Australian Journal of Sex, Marriage and Family. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01591487.1984.11004269
Lusiyanti, L., & Wicaksono, P. (2020). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan dan Faktor Sosial Demografi pada Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Perempuan di Indonesia: MUWAZAH: Jurnal Kajian Gender, 12(2), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v12i2.2669
Maulana, M. F., & Hafidzah, L. (2021). Nguplik: Women’s Strategy Leaving the Domestic Sphere. MUWAZAH: Jurnal Kajian Gender, 13(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v13i1.3544
McDaniel, C., Shoeps, N., & Lincourt, J. (2001). Organizational Ethics: Perceptions of Employees by Gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 33(3), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017593508147
McLellan, K.-L., & Uys, K. (2009). Balancing dual roles in self-employed women: An exploratory study. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 35(1), 21–30.
Mee, W. (2015). Work and Cosmopolitanism at the Border: Indonesian Women Labour Migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(12), 2041–2060. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2015.1049589
Meriac, J. P., Poling, T. L., & Woehr, D. J. (2009). Are there gender differences in work ethic? An examination of the measurement equivalence of the multidimensional work ethic profile. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(3), 209–213.
Mulyani, L. (2009). Women and Work in Indonesia. Asian Ethnicity, 10(2), 187–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631360902906870
Mussida, C., & Patimo, R. (2021). Women’s Family Care Responsibilities, Employment and Health: A Tale of Two Countries. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(3), 489–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09742-4
Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. (2020). Wilayah Administrasi Kecamatan dan Desa di Pulang Pisau. https://www.pulangpisaukab.go.id/wilayah-administrasi-kecamatan-dan-desa/
Petersen, T., & Morgan, L. A. (1995). Separate and Unequal: Occupation-Establishment Sex Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap. American Journal of Sociology, 101(2), 329–365. https://doi.org/10.1086/230727
Pierson, P. N., & Holmes, G. H. (2002). Perceptions of Work Ethic Among College Seniors: A Comparative Study. Journal of College and Character, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1318
Pitts, C. G. (2000). Women, Mental Health, and Managed Care. Women & Therapy, 22(3), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1300/J015v22n03_04
Ragoobur, V. T. (2020). Intimate partner violence and women’s labour force participation in Sub Saharan Africa. Community, Work & Family, 23(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2018.1540400
Reeves, J. B., & Darville, R. L. (1992). Aging Couples in Dual-Career/Earner Families. Journal of Women & Aging, 4(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1300/J074v04n01_04
Richardson, C., Sinha, L., & Yaapar, M. S. (2014). Work ethics from the Islamic and Hindu traditions: In quest of common ground. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 11(1), 65–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2013.801025
Sapada, A. Faisal. A., Modding, H. B., Gani, A., & Nujum, S. (2017). The Effect of Organizational Culture and Work Ethics on Job Satisfaction and Employees Performance. The International Journal of Engineering Science (IJES), 6(12), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.9790/1813-0612042836
Stamarski, C. S., & Son Hing, L. S. (2015). Gender inequalities in the workplace: The effects of organizational structures, processes, practices, and decision makers’ sexism. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(9).
Sun, Z. (2008). Worker, Woman, Mother: Redefining Urban Chinese Women’s Identity via Motherhood and the Global Workplace. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 14(1), 7–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2008.11666037
Suprapto, M. H., & Setiawati, L. (2014). The Gender Differences in Work Ethics Case study at Hypermarket in Surabaya—Indonesia. 1, 1–7.
Sweet, S., Sarkisian, N., Matz-Costa, C., & Pitt-Catsouphes, M. (2016). Are women less career centric than men? Structure, culture, and identity investments. Community, Work & Family, 19(4), 481–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2015.1078287
Tangkasiang, Y. A., & Baddak, K. V. (2021). Studi Potensi dan Peluang Ekowisata Di Hutan Desa Tangkahen Kecamatan Banama Tingang Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. Anterior Jurnal, 20(2), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v20i2.1841
Tyagi, N., Jha, R. S., Chaudhary, A., & Batar, S. (2021). Women in Dual Role: A Sociological Perspective. Elementary Education Online, 20(1), 1766–1772.
Valentine, S., Godkin, L., & Rittenburg, Terri. L. (2009). Gender and Ethics: Ethical Judgements, Ethical Intentions, and Altruism among Healthcare Professionals. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(2), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542410910938808
Yusnita, H. (2018). Sejarah dan Gerakan Dakwah Badan Kontak Majelis Taklim (BKMT) di Kabupaten Sambas Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. NALAR: Jurnal Peradaban dan Pemikiran Islam, 2(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.23971/njppi.v2i1.883
Zaikman, Y., Marks, M. J., Young, T. M., & Zeiber, J. A. (2016). Gender Role Violations and the Sexual Double Standard. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(12), 1608–1629. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1158007
Muwazah: Jurnal Kajian Gender allows readers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles and allow readers to use them for any other lawful purpose. Muwazah: Jurnal Kajian Gender allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions. Finally, the journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
Authors are allowed to archive their submitted article in an open access repository. Authors are allowed to archive the final published article in an open access repository with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Muwazah: Jurnal Kajian Gender. Authors who publish in Muwazah: Jurnal Kajian Gender agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
3.jpg)
3.jpg)
3.jpg)
3.jpg)
2.jpg)
